This page explains a Kos jeep safari through the SUV, the transfer case, the diesel engine, the winch, the Suzuki Samurai and the taverna. A short FAQ ends the page, and new words get plain definitions as they come. See more trips at Greece tours.
What is a Kos jeep safari?
The Kos jeep safari is a ride in a four-wheel-drive vehicle over dirt tracks. This section defines that vehicle type, the SUV. It covers the size classes, the body, the history and the name. Each word that needs one gets a definition.
A Kos jeep safari page starts with the vehicle type. SUV stands for sport utility vehicle. The engine sits at the front, followed by one combined passenger and cargo area. A cargo area is the space for bags and loads. The first relevant use of the term SUV was in advertising brochures.
Before the war, adding four-wheel drive to a car almost doubled its cost. The drive needed a transfer case, a second differential and constant-velocity joints for the driven front axle. In a car, the differential is the gear unit that splits power between two wheels. A joint is a link that can bend and still turn.
Carryall wagons began to be offered with four-wheel drive from 1949. A 1956 model is credited as the first full-size SUV. A compact model introduced in 1961 offered either two- or four-wheel drive. A wagon is a long car with a big cargo area at the rear. Compact means small in size.
SUVs come in size classes. The smallest class is the mini SUV. Full-size SUVs form the largest size class of commonly produced SUVs. The added length of extended-length SUVs provides extra space for rear passengers or cargo. The crossover SUV segment has grown in popularity since around 2010. A segment is one group of vehicles on the market.
- Body: In the past, more SUVs used body-on-frame construction than unibody.
- Japan: A 1972 four-wheel-drive wagon introduced in Japan was not designed as an off-road vehicle.
- Name: A Kos jeep safari borrows the word safari, while the vehicle itself is an SUV.
A Kos jeep safari rests on the SUV, a vehicle type with a long history. The transfer case comes next. It is the box that sends engine power to the front and rear axles of the vehicle.
On a Kos jeep safari, what does the transfer case add?
A Kos jeep safari reaches the transfer case in this section. This is a gearbox that splits engine power across the front and rear wheels. The facts below cover its job, its kinds, its position and its controls. Hard words are defined in plain language.
The job of the part comes first on a Kos jeep safari page. As part of the drivetrain, a transfer case uses drive shafts to mechanically deliver motive power. The drivetrain is the chain of parts that carries power from the engine to the wheels. A drive shaft is a rotating rod that moves that power along.
The front and rear tires do not turn at the same speed. The transfer case makes up that difference in high-speed four-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive systems. Without that, binding occurs and the parts can be damaged. Binding is the strain that builds when two linked wheels fight each other.
A part-time transfer case switches between two-wheel and four-wheel drive but has no center differential. Gear-driven transfer cases use gear sets to drive the front driveshaft, or both driveshafts. Chain-driven transfer cases are quieter and lighter than gear-driven ones. A Kos jeep safari page lists both designs.
Married transfer cases are bolted directly to the transmission. A divorced or independent transfer case is completely separate from the transmission. The transmission is the gearbox that changes the engine’s speed for the wheels. Low range gears also increase the torque available at the axles. Torque is the twisting force of an engine.
- Electronic: Electronic shift on-the-fly transfer cases have a dash-mounted selector switch or buttons.
- Manual: Manual shift on-the-fly transfer cases have a selector lever on the driver’s side floor.
- Budget: A late-1970s low-cost substitute for four-wheel drive had no transfer case.
A transfer case turns one stream of power into two. For a Kos jeep safari, it is one more part inside the vehicle. The diesel engine follows, the machine that makes the power in the first place.
On a Kos jeep safari, what does the diesel engine add?
A Kos jeep safari meets the diesel engine here. This is an engine that burns fuel lit by squeezed hot air, with no spark. Below are its name, its way of working, its efficiency and its history. Every technical term is explained in plain words.
The diesel engine takes its name from its inventor, the German engineer Rudolf Diesel. A Kos jeep safari page begins with that name. Diesel engines compress only air, or air mixed with leftover exhaust gas. To compress means to squeeze into a smaller space. Exhaust gas is the used gas that leaves an engine.
In a diesel engine, the air-fuel mixture forms only inside the combustion chamber. Diesel engines control torque by changing the amount of fuel injected, not by throttling the intake air. Intake air is the air that enters the engine. Injected means pushed in under pressure. A cylinder is the tube where fuel burns.
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of any practical internal or external combustion engine. Thermal efficiency is the share of heat that becomes useful work. Low-speed diesel engines in ships can reach effective efficiencies of up to 55 percent. A Kos jeep safari page cites that figure as a ceiling.
Diesel published his ideas in 1893 in the essay Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Motor. Carl von Linde explained that steam engines convert just 6 to 10 percent of heat energy into work. Moritz Schröter ran the main test of the engine on 17 February 1897. It reached an effective efficiency of 26.2 percent.
- Origin: A Kos jeep safari page notes that diesel engines first replaced stationary steam engines.
- Giants: The largest diesel engines in service are 14-cylinder two-stroke marine engines, each with almost 100 MW peak power.
- Fuel: Diesel engines prefer a high cetane number in fuel, not the high octane rating preferred for petrol engines.
A diesel engine turns fuel into power by squeezing air until it is hot. That idea sits behind the engine of a Kos jeep safari vehicle. The winch follows, a drum and rope that pull a load.
On a Kos jeep safari, what does the winch add?
A Kos jeep safari reaches the winch in this section. A winch is a machine with a drum that winds rope or cable to pull a load. This part covers its parts, its history and its kinds. Terms are defined as the section goes.
A Kos jeep safari page opens with the parts. Complex winch designs have gear assemblies and can be powered by electric or hydraulic drives. Hydraulic means driven by pressurised liquid. A ratchet and pawl stops the winch from unwinding unless the pawl is retracted. A winch can also have a stripper or cleat to maintain tension.
Aristotle regarded winch and pulley hoists as common for architectural use. A hoist is a machine that lifts a load. A 1903 America’s Cup defender was the first racing boat fitted with modern winches below decks. A sailboat crew member turns the winch handle with one hand while tailing with the other. Tailing means pulling the loose end.
Electric winches on modern vehicles run off a 12V starter or 24V secondary battery. For a Kos jeep safari page, this vehicle kind is the closest match. A battery is a store of electric power. Rescue teams can be lowered from a hovering search and rescue helicopter by winch.
A lever winch uses self-gripping jaws instead of spools to move rope or wire. An air winch is an air-powered version of a winch. It is also called an air hoist or an air tugger. A spool is a reel that holds rope. Jaws are the gripping parts that clamp on a rope.
- Snubbing: Snubbing winches control sheets and lines on small sailing boats and dinghies.
- Wakeskate: In wakeskate winching, the winch pulls the boarder in at 25 to 40 kilometres per hour.
- Glider: A glider winch pulls in 1,000 to 1,600 metres of steel wire or synthetic cable.
A winch pulls a load by winding rope onto a drum. A Kos jeep safari page treats it as one more machine in the vehicle story. A Kos jeep safari page defines a drum as the barrel that the rope winds around. The Suzuki Samurai comes next, a small four-wheel-drive model.
On a Kos jeep safari, what does the Suzuki Samurai add?
A Kos jeep safari meets the Suzuki Samurai in this section. This is a small four-wheel-drive model. The facts below cover its name, its engine, its sales, its track and a climbing record. Unusual words are defined at first use.
The name of the model comes first on a Kos jeep safari page. The Samurai name is derived from samurai warriors. The wider SJ413 edition took the Samurai nameplate. A nameplate is the model name on a vehicle. The Samurai was the first Suzuki officially marketed in the United States.
The Samurai reached the United States in 1985 as a model for 1986. In the United States, it was offered only with a short wheelbase. A wheelbase is the length between the two axles. The North American Samurai had a 1.3-litre four-cylinder engine producing 63 hp. Hp is short for horsepower, a unit of engine power.
Serious four-wheel-drive enthusiasts embraced the Samurai for its off-road performance and reliability. Reliability means that a machine keeps working. Though very compact and light, the Samurai had a transfer case and low range. Low range is a set of gears for slow, strong pulling. A Kos jeep safari page links this back to the transfer case.
Around 1988, the SJ413 was given a track 90 mm wider for stability. A track is the distance between the left and right wheels. The 1988.5 model Samurai was re-tuned for better on-road use in the United States. On-road means on paved streets. A model year is the sales season that a maker assigns to a vehicle.
- Sales: The Samurai sold 47,000 units in its first year of sale.
- Climb: In 2007, a modified Samurai climbed to 6,688 m up Ojos del Salado, a vehicle altitude record.
- Model: A Kos jeep safari page uses the Samurai as a case study of a small, light four-wheel-drive model.
The Suzuki Samurai shows a small, light model with a transfer case and a low range. A Kos jeep safari page ends its vehicle sections with this small model. The taverna comes next, the Greek eatery.
On a Kos jeep safari, what does the taverna add?
A Kos jeep safari page turns to the taverna here. This is the Greek family eatery. The facts below cover its culture, its name, its oldest known example and its link to visitors. Every word that needs it is defined in plain terms.
Culture comes first on a Kos jeep safari page. A taverna forms an essential part of Greek culture. Expatriate Greeks set up tavernas in countries such as the United States and Australia. An expatriate is a person who lives outside the home country. Culture is the shared way of life of a people.
The Greek word taverna comes from the Latin taberna, which means shop. The Latin word taberna was itself derived from tabula, which means table. Latin was spoken in ancient Rome. The history of a word is called its etymology. Etymology studies the origin of words and their meanings.
The oldest sign of a Greek restaurant was found at the Agora of Athens. The American School of Classical Studies carried out those digs in the early 1970s. The Agora was the open market and meeting place of the ancient city. A dig is a planned search of the soil for old things.
Excavators found plates, mixing bowls and spits for broiling meat at the early taverna. A spit is a rod that holds meat over a fire. Fish bones and shellfish remains suggest that the early restaurant offered oysters, mussels and large fish. Shellfish are sea animals that live inside shells.
- Visitors: Tavernas have tried to serve foreign visitors with English menus as tourism grew.
- Stage: The lead character of Willy Russell’s Shirley Valentine ends up working in a taverna.
- Place: A Kos jeep safari page treats the taverna as a part of Greek daily life.
A taverna is a Greek eatery with deep roots in culture and in language. A Kos jeep safari page ends its list of subjects here. Four short answers follow, on the season, the sea, the language and the flag.
What four questions arise before a Kos jeep safari, and how do they get answered?
A Kos jeep safari brings up four common questions. The answers cover the season, the sea, the language and the flag. Each reply is built from one source article, and new words get short definitions in simple terms.
Which season suits a Kos jeep safari?
A Mediterranean climate is a temperate type found in the lower mid-latitudes. Such climates have dry summers and wet winters. The main cause is the subtropical ridge. A ridge here is a long area of high air pressure. Temperate means mild, without extremes. Latitude tells how far a place lies from the equator.
Which sea washes the island behind a Kos jeep safari?
At its deepest, the Aegean Sea drops to 2,639 metres. Of Greece’s twelve regions, nine have a coast on this sea. Euboea, the second-largest island in Greece, lies in the Aegean. An administrative region is an area that a state uses to run local government.
Which language is spoken behind a Kos jeep safari?
People have written Greek with its own alphabet for about 2,800 years. In the European Union, 24 languages are official, and Greek is one of them. It forms an independent Hellenic branch of the Indo-European language family. Hellenic means Greek. An alphabet is a set of letters for writing a language.
Which flag flies behind a Kos jeep safari?
The Greek flag is popularly called the Blue-and-White. The white cross in the corner symbolises Christianity. The First National Assembly at Epidaurus adopted the flag on 13 January 1822. A canton is the small box in the flag corner. A national assembly is a body that writes a country’s laws.